Papel de la espirometría en la evaluación del control del asma
Resumen
Según la GEMA, al tratar de minimizar la expresión clínica del asma deben tenerse en cuenta dos aspectos fundamentales: por una parte las manifestaciones de la enfermedad presentes en el día a día del paciente (control actual), definido por los síntomas diurnos y nocturnos, la necesidad de medicación de rescate, el mantenimiento de una función pulmonar dentro o cerca de los límites normales y la ausencia de limitaciones en la vida diaria. Y por otra, sus consecuencias futuras (riesgo futuro), definidas por la ausencia de exacerbaciones, la prevención de una pérdida exagerada de función pulmonar y del desarrollo de una obstrucción fija al flujo aéreo, y la prescripción de un tratamiento óptimo con nulos o mínimos efecto adversos.
Aunque la herramienta fundamental para evaluar el control del asma es la visita médica (donde mediante la entrevista se evaluará la presencia de síntomas y exacerbaciones), la determinación de la función pulmonar en cada visita mediante una espirometría es esencial para cuantificar el FEV1 basal y la evolución del mismo, puesto que es el mejor parámetro para medir la función pulmonar en pacientes con asma, lo que según GEMA aporta datos sobre el dominio control actual, pero también facilita información acerca del futuro.
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